Are You Ready to Have 'The Big Sex Talk' With Your Teen?

As a parent, your child's physical and emotional safety is likely your highest priority. While sexual health is a huge component of this, many parents don't know how to support their teen's sexual well-being. There's a lot of misinformation out there, and oftentimes parents don't feel as if they have the proper support to talk to their teens about sexual health. Enter "The Big Sex Talk," or simply "The Talk."

For many parents and caregivers, navigating topics such as puberty, sex and romantic relationships represents an intimidating and overwhelming element of parenting.

No matter where the hesitation lies, there are experts and research that'll help you support your teen to make informed and healthy decisions about sexual health.

Why is it so important to have "The Talk" anyway?

Young people need accurate information about sex, whether oral, anal or vaginal sex, in order to make safe, healthy and informed decisions.

Extensive research indicates young people who do not have accurate information about their sexual health are more likely to experiment with sex at younger ages than ones who do.

Even some information is better than none. When teens are able to talk with a parent or caregiver about safer sex, they are less likely to have unprotected sex.

There is a wealth of research that shows talking to your teen about sex and healthy relationships is one of the most important elements to help them make informed and healthy decisions.

However, there is an overwhelming amount of misinformation about sexuality on the internet, particularly on social media. This is something both Gabrielle S. Evans, MPH, CHES, a sexuality educator and researcher based in Houston, and Clarissa Herman, a Minnesota-based social, emotional, and sexual health educator for emerging teenagers, are well aware of.

"Talking to your teen about sex is important because without receiving information from you, it's likely that they'll encounter false and unsafe information about sex on social media, which can lead to making decisions that they do not understand the outcome of," Herman explained.

"Add this to the fact that sex education in school has decreased since the 1990s, and we have a major problem," she added. "It's really important to talk to your teen about what is healthy, what is normal, what is safe. And what is going to happen when they don't have good reliable sources for that information in their schools like they used to, or from their care providers? Their main source is social media."

In addition, having conversations with your teen about sexual contact shows them you are a trusted person they can come to, Evans noted.

"Research has been telling us for decades that teens prefer to get information about sex from their parents and other trusted adults in their lives," said Erica M. Butler, M.Ed., founder of Happ E. SexTalk, LLC in Columbus, Ohio, and creator of HAPPERMATIONS, sex-positive affirmation cards for toddlers. "The disconnect is that parents don't know how to talk about it (or don't want to) and teens definitely don't know how to bring it up without feeling like they'll get in trouble."

How do you prepare to have 'The Talk?'

If you're at a loss for words, you're not alone. Talking about sex can prove challenging, uncomfortable and overwhelming. When many parents today recall if they received accurate and adequate information about sex and healthy relationships from their own parents as a teen, the overwhelming response is: no.

It can be hard to know how to handle these conversations when you have no personal experience with your own parents or caregivers. And it can also be difficult if your own discomfort about sex is because it was ignored or not treated respectfully in your household growing up.

We asked experts how parents can best prepare to have "The Talk" with their teens:

1. Start with yourself

"I always tell parents to start with themselves," said Rosalia Rivera, a consent educator and child sexual abuse prevention specialist in Canada. "I encourage them to reflect and journal on their own beliefs, values and ideas about sex and relationships."

Butler said parents need to think back to their years as a teen and how topics connected to sex were addressed in their family.

"Did they feel supported or like they could ask questions openly? How did that make them feel and how would they want to change that for their teen?" Butler said. "The more we can unlearn our own shame and guilt through our experiences, the better equipped we'll be to have these conversations with our kids."

2. Do the research

"Parents and caregivers can prepare themselves for this conversation by first making sure the information they provide is accurate," Evans said.

Having accurate information, as well as age-appropriate information, is crucial, and there are a number of ways you can ensure this.

Herman recommends starting with an internet search.

"A parent or caregiver can prepare themselves for this conversation by doing the 'poking around' on the internet that their teenager can't do," Herman said. "Teenagers don't know how to sift through good information or bad information. So a parent or caregiver can hop [online] and do this for them."

3. Find additional resources

In addition to finding accurate, age-appropriate information on the internet, there are several organizations and adolescent sexual health professionals who have resources designed specifically to help parents and caregivers talk with their teens about sex.

Sex Positive Families, for example, offers workshops on puberty and other sexuality topics. They also have an entire library of resources that can be filtered by topic, age and type.

Amaze.org is another popular organization that provides parents with the tools and evidence-informed information they need to have conversations about sex with their teens.

Additionally, there are sexuality professionals such as Herman, Rivera and Butler, or Nadine Thornhill, Ed.D., for example, who are all specialized in helping caregivers support their teens with accurate information about sex and relationships.

4. Be willing to say 'I don't know'

While having accurate information to share with your teen is important, you don't need to know everything. Before you try to learn about adolescent sexual health, remember it's OK, and fairly important to admit when you don't have the answer.

"Be OK with not knowing the answer to their question," Butler said. "It's impossible to know everything and remember you didn't get great sex ed while growing up either, so there's a lot we don't know."

Herman also stressed how important this is. If your teen asks you a question you don't know the answer to, or you're unsure how to explain it best, she said, "It's OK to say, 'I don't know but I want to find out together.'"

5. Remember, 'The Talk' isn't just one talk

While many caregivers would be relieved if just one conversation about sex and healthy relationships was enough, that's not the case. Preparing your teen to make informed, healthy and safe decisions about sexuality and relationships takes more than a single conversation.

"People like myself who specialize in adolescent sexual health education, are really trying to move away from the entire concept of having 'The Talk' because having one talk is going to be uncomfortable, awkward, really weird and maybe not effective depending on the relationship they have with their kid," Herman said.

"[Your teen] might get so dysregulated that they have to check out of the conversation. And you get so uncomfortable that nothing really happens. So people like myself, who are specialized in adolescent sex education, are really encouraging parents to start conversations early, have them often, keep them brief and keep them casual."

For example, Herman said, you can have a brief and casual conversation by noticing something on TV or in a magazine and saying "What do you think about that?"

"Maybe you see a picture on social media of somebody wearing period underwear and you ask your kids 'Hey, do you know about period underwear?' or 'What do you know about periods so far?' and you talk for five minutes and then you move on," Herman said.

6. Understanding 'The Talk' isn't solely about sex

In addition to having more than one "talk," it's vital to remember these conversations aren't just about sex. Parents and caregivers often think "The Talk" means teaching your teen strictly about STDs/STIs and pregnancy.

While these topics are important, they are small elements of what it means to provide your teen with adequate and accurate information to make healthy decisions about sex and relationships.

When parents and caregivers believe conversations are limited to just STDs/STIs and pregnancy, it can make the conversation feel even more intimidating and uncomfortable.

Prepare your teen with the information they need, which includes talking about topics such as rejection, how to understand your body boundaries and communicate them, learning what safe and unsafe touch is, puberty, breakups and internet safety.

7. Learn to stay calm

Giving your teen the information they need to succeed and create safe, healthy relationships and sexual experiences isn't just about the facts you share, it's also about how you share them.

"The No. 1 strategy I would recommend for a parent or caregiver preparing to have this conversation is to make sure that they themselves go into the conversation calm and regulated," Herman said. "People are very sensitive, and kids especially are really sensitive to the energy you're putting out.

"If you're stressed out, if you're radiating anger or fear, or defensiveness, they're going to pick up on that. They're going to start responding to that even before anyone has exchanged any words. So, do what you need to do to make sure that your body and your brain and your breath are calm before you go into that conversation."

Go for a walk, practice deep breathing or call a friend and vent, Herman recommended. Taking an honest look at your own attitudes about sexuality, as Rivera and Butler mentioned, will help with this, too.

If you enter the conversation with your own discomfort about periods because you haven't processed how periods were talked about in your household growing up, your teen will hear that in whatever you decide to tell them.

Take the time to journal, talk to a friend, or work with a coach or therapist. The goal is to enter conversations with your teen in a way that's not defensive or guarded. Your script should be regulated, but allow for curious teens to ask whatever questions they have.

In fact, for some parents, it can be a relief to know the most important thing isn't always knowing the facts or having the answer, but bringing a non-judgmental and open attitude to the conversation.

While topics like sex and relationships can be an intimidating and overwhelming element of parenting, start by taking a look at the feelings that arise for you as you're finding the resources and information you need to feel prepared.

Your teen needs accurate information about sex and an open, non-judgmental attitude in order to make informed, safe and healthy sexual decisions. You may end up enjoying how close this process allows you to become with your teen, especially as they start to share other aspects of their lives, hoping for your input.